Thaindian News

Washington, Nov 8 (ANI): A new study has suggested that if climate disasters are to be averted, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) must be reduced below the levels that already exist today, as they are already in the danger zone.

The study, by a group of 10 scientists from the United States, the United Kingdom and France, was published in the Open Atmospheric Science Journal.

According to the researchers, to maintain a planet similar to that on which civilization developed, an optimum CO2 level would be less than 350 ppm a dramatic change from most previous studies, which suggested a danger level for CO2 is likely to be 450 ppm or higher.

Atmospheric CO2 is currently 385 parts per million (ppm) and is increasing by about 2 ppm each year from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas) and from the burning of forests.

This work and other recent publications suggest that we have reached CO2 levels that compromise the stability of the polar ice sheets, said author Mark Pagani, Yale professor of geology and geophysics.

How fast ice sheets and sea level will respond are still poorly understood, but given the potential size of the disaster, I think its best not to learn this lesson firsthand, he added.

The authors have used evidence of how the Earth responded to past changes of CO2 along with more recent patterns of climate changes to show that atmospheric CO2 has already entered a danger zone.

According to the study, coal is the largest source of atmospheric CO2 and the one that would be most practical to eliminate.

The authors have determined that the only realistic way to sharply curtail CO2 emissions is phase out coal use except where CO2 is captured and sequestered.

In their model, with coal emissions phased out between 2010 and 2030, atmospheric CO2 would peak at 400-425 ppm and then slowly decline.

The authors maintain that the peak CO2 level reached would depend on the accuracy of oil and gas reserve estimates and whether the most difficult to extract oil and gas is left in the ground.

They suggest that reforestation of degraded land and improved agricultural practices that retain soil carbon could lower atmospheric CO2 by as much as 50 ppm.

Following a path that leads to a lower CO2 amount, we can alleviate a number of problems that had begun to seem inevitable, such as increased storm intensities, expanded desertification, loss of coral reefs, and loss of mountain glaciers that supply fresh water to hundreds of millions of people, said the authors. (ANI)