Houston, Dec 16 (THAINDIAN NEWS) Physicist Vitaly Efimov’s theory has finally been proved after almost 40 years. Efimov had predicted a quantum-mechanical version of Borromean rings, a symbol that first showed up in Afghan Buddhist art from around the second century. The symbol depicts three rings linked together and if any ring were removed, then they would all be undone.

Efimov had theorized an analog to the rings using particles: Three particles (such as atoms or protons or even quarks) could be bound together in a stable state, even though any two of them could not bind without the third. The physicist first proposed the idea, based on a mathematical proof, in 1970. Since then, people have tried their best to prove this theory but they didn’t succeed for almost 4 decades.

But now physicists at the Rice University have used atoms at temperatures colder than deep space. And they have delivered concrete proof for a once-ridiculed-at theory that’s become a hotbed for research some 40 years after it first appeared in 1970. In a paper available online in Science Express, Rice’s team offers experimental evidence for a universal quantum mechanism that allows trios of particles to appear and reappear at higher energy levels in an infinite progression. The triplets, often called trimers, form in special cases where pairs cannot.

“It’s such a remarkable phenomena,” said team leader Randy Hulet. “There are examples, like the Borromean rings, where having a third component is crucial. Any two of the rings will unbind if the third is removed, and these trimers are similar. The particles want to bind, but no two can do it. They need the third one to make it happen.”