Thaindian News

Berlin, Aug 21 (IANS) Even three-year-old infants can tell whether your are only whining or genuinely upset, report researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

“This study provides the first evidence that three-year-olds can evaluate just how reasonable another person’s distressed reaction is to a particular incident or situation, and this influences whether they are concerned enough to try to do something to help,” said Robert Hepach, who led the study.

The experiment involved 48 children, split evenly between girls and boys, from 36 to 39 months old, the journal Developmental Psychology reports.

Researchers recorded reactions of each child as he or she witnessed an adult acting upset in one of three contexts: when the distress was justified, when it was unjustified and when the cause of the distress was unknown, the study said.

For the experiment, two adults met with each child and engaged in various situations in which one of the adults would display distress by frowning, whimpering or pouting.

Their distress was in response to specific incidents of apparent physical harm, material loss or unfairness. In each case, the child witnessed the adult either experiencing something that should cause distress or reacting to something that occurred in a similar context but was much less serious.

Children who witnessed the adult being upset due to a real harm or injustice showed concern for him, intervened on his behalf and checked on him when he later expressed distress out of their view.

When a child witnessed an adult in a justifiably distressing incident, the child’s face showed concern, whereas the child’s expression indicated she was “checking” when the incident did not warrant distress or the adult was out of sight but could be heard, the study said.

“In most instances, they identified unfounded distress and responded in a manner appropriate for the specific situation,” said Hepach.